ABSTRACT
Pyrethroids, a broad class of synthetic organic insecticides applied in daily life, are highly toxic in the water environment and can cause organisms to develop symptoms of neurotoxicity.Environmental exposure has become one of the important factors explored during child growth and development in recent years, and the exposure of pyrethroids in the environment has gradually increased, making their effects on child growth and development also highly valued.A large number of studies at home and abroad have found that pyrethroids have effects on multi system development: exposure during pregnancy can lead to intrauterine growth restriction, malformations, etc.Postnatal exposure can lead to cognitive retardation, abnormal pubertal development, and may also increase the risk of allergic diseases, wheeze, cough, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.This article provides a review of the effects of pyrethroid exposure on growth and developmental processes in children.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the association between vitamin D levels during pregnancy and the risk of offspring's wheeze.Methods We searched electronic databases of PubMed and EMbasefrom published studies until July 2017.A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted among 11 birth cohort studies.Results Eleven studies on the association between maternal vitamin D status and childhood wheeze met our inclusion criteria.Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy was associated with childhood wheeze(OR =0.97,95％ CI:0.96 ～ 0.99).Maternal intake of vitamin D(pooled OR =0.51,95 ％ CI:0.37 ～ 0.64),cord blood 25 (OH)D levels at birth (pooled OR =0.94,95％ CI:0.9 ～ 0.98) were associated with childhood wheeze.Furthermore,maternal vitamin D stasus were only associated with childhood early wheeze(OR =0.92,95％ CI:0.89 ～0.96),but not with late-onset or persistent wheeze.Conclusion High levels of vitamin D during pregnancy are inversely associated with the risk of wheeze during childhood.